COPD and VA Disability: What Veterans Need to Know
Our contributor, a U.S. Army veteran, physician assistant, and former compensation and pension examiner, offers medical insight on navigating the complex world of VA disability claims, particularly for conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Veterans who experience chronic cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, or wheezing—especially following exposure to burn pits, dust, chemical fumes, or fuel emissions during military service—may find that COPD is a relevant and potentially service-connectable condition.
Understanding COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term encompassing conditions such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and sometimes refractory asthma. These illnesses result in long-term airflow obstruction and breathing difficulties. Key symptoms include chronic cough, mucus production, wheezing, chest tightness, and fatigue. While not reversible, COPD can be managed with proper medical care.
For veterans, the progression of COPD is often influenced by the unique environmental exposures encountered during service. Early misdiagnosis or lack of treatment may also contribute to worsening symptoms over time.
Medical Evidence Linking COPD to Military Service
A 2020 study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that veterans exposed to burn pits, diesel exhaust, and desert dust showed significantly higher rates of COPD compared to non-exposed populations. The VA’s Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry continues to demonstrate a strong link between service in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Southwest Asia and chronic respiratory illnesses including COPD.
Another significant study in the journal Chest showed that veterans with no smoking history still developed COPD at elevated rates when exposed to toxins during service. Vietnam-era veterans exposed to Agent Orange also appear at increased risk not just for cancer, but for various chronic diseases, including COPD.
Service Connection for COPD
To receive VA disability benefits for COPD, veterans must establish that the condition is linked to military service. This can be accomplished in the following ways:
- Direct Service Connection: COPD diagnosed while on active duty or shortly thereafter can form a straightforward basis for a claim.
- Secondary Service Connection: If COPD is caused or worsened by an already service-connected condition, it may be eligible for secondary connection.
- Presumptive Service Connection: Starting in 2021, the VA began recognizing particulate matter exposure in Southwest Asia and Afghanistan as presumptively linked to certain respiratory illnesses, including COPD and asthma.
While smoking is a leading risk factor for COPD, military-related exposures are well-documented contributors. In some cases, mental health conditions may indirectly lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms like smoking or alcohol use. If such behaviors stem from service-connected PTSD or other mental health conditions, an argument may be made that COPD was exacerbated as a result.
How the VA Rates COPD
The VA rates COPD under Diagnostic Code 6604 in the 38 CFR § 4.97. Ratings are largely based on pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including FEV1 and FVC values:
- 10% – Mild airflow limitations
- 30% – Moderate impairment
- 60% – Moderately severe impairment
- 100% – Severe impairment, including FEV1 < 40% or a need for continuous oxygen therapy
Accurate and complete pulmonary function test results are crucial. Missing or improperly submitted tests can negatively impact the outcome of a claim.
Essential Documentation for Claims
Veterans pursuing a claim for COPD should work with an accredited representative and gather the following:
- A formal diagnosis, preferably from a pulmonologist
- Pulmonary function test results
- Evidence of toxic exposure (e.g., burn pit registry participation)
- A nexus letter from a treating provider explaining the connection between service and diagnosis (especially useful if symptoms appeared long after discharge)
Even if smoking is part of the veteran’s history, this does not automatically disqualify them. Many claims involve multiple contributing factors, such as service-related exposure and post-service lifestyle choices influenced by mental health.
Common Challenges in COPD Claims
Veterans should be cautious of the following pitfalls:
- Lack of pulmonary test results
- Not exploring secondary conditions (e.g., sleep apnea, heart disease)
- Underreporting the impact of COPD on daily functioning
- Assuming a history of smoking nullifies eligibility for service connection
Support and Legal Assistance
Veterans facing difficulties with claims or previous denials should consult a Veterans Service Officer (VSO), an accredited claims agent, or an accredited attorney. A reputable VA claims law firm can also provide guidance, especially in complex or denied cases. The VA’s official website (VA.gov) includes a search tool to locate accredited representatives by zip code.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal or medical advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, portions of the content may be or are opinionated and reflect the views of our contributor. Veterans are encouraged to consult qualified professionals regarding their individual situations.
